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12 Days of Christmas - Day 8: Maids a milking

What is Agricultural Property Relief?

Agricultural Property Relief (APR) is a form of tax relief that allows you to claim relief on land that can be used for agricultural purposes, (crops or livestock) and associated buildings such as barns, outbuildings and houses used in connection with the land. 

How does APR work?

To receive APR, the land or buildings must have been owned for at least two years prior to transfer. There is one exception to this rule - if the asset is inherited from a spouse and they too have owned it for less than two years, this scenario is added to that of the late spouse. If the combined period of ownership exceeds two years then APR relief should be available.  If the owner does not occupy the property (land or buildings) which is the case usually with a Farm Business Tenancy) they need to have owned it for seven years in order to qualify for APR. 

What qualifies for Agricultural Property Relief?

Typically, APR is available for: 

• Land used for crops or livestock 
• Farmhouses are included as long as they have been used as a base for operations and not just a house.
• Cottages that have been lived in by someone/family working on the land and are under a tenancy agreement. 

APR is not available for: 

• Livestock
• Machinery and farming equipment
• Harvested crops
• Derelict buildings/ outbuildings on land 

How much APR is available?

Depending on how the property is owned, relief is due at either 50% or 100%. 

Agricultural Property Relief is a powerful form of tax relief and all options should be explored as it can provide relief of up to 100% after you pass away. If your assets qualify for APR there’s no reason why your maids-a-milking shouldn’t be able to continue to do so following your death. 

As with all areas of taxation, however, Agriculture Property Relief is a complex area and expert advice should be sought on estate planning. 

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Peter has specialised in farms and rural land since doing his articles at Burges Salmon. He has worked in the Midlands for the last 25 years, advising on all aspects of rural property and farm partnerships.

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Peter Snodgrass

Peter Snodgrass

Partner & Head of Agriculture

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Peter Snodgrass

Peter Snodgrass

Partner & Head of Agriculture

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Who pays business rates – the landlord or the tenant?

When a commercial property is occupied, the tenant is responsible for paying business rates. In some cases, the landlord will pay the rates on behalf of the occupier and include the amount paid within the rent.

However, the owner of a commercial building will be liable for paying the business rates if the property is unoccupied. After a tenant leaves a property, the owner is exempt from business rates for a concessionary period thanks to ’empty property relief’ – the period is six months for factories and warehouses, and three months for all other commercial premises including offices.

What are business rates loopholes?

Business rates loopholes are legal workarounds that enable a company to mitigate or avoid paying business rate charges entirely. Some view the empty property relief as a type of business rates loophole, in that it allows landlords to use short-term lease arrangements to reduce the business rates they have to pay (more on this below).

Empty property relief: a business rates loophole?

Empty property relief was first introduced in 2008, meaning that if a building is left unoccupied, landlords do not have to pay business rates for three months (six months for factories and warehouses). Ever since this, landlords with properties for which they cannot find long-term tenants have been using short-term lease arrangements as a way to mitigate their annual business rates.

Under these arrangements, the landlord will typically rent out properties on short-term leases, often on very favourable terms for the tenants, allowing the landlord or property agent to take advantage of empty property relief when the lease is up and the tenants leave. Done properly, this can be a sure-fire way to significantly reduce business rates liability.

Local authorities, fully aware of this practice, tend to challenge these short-term occupations at every opportunity, usually pushing for evidence that the property is genuinely occupied and that there is a commercial benefit to the occupation. They claim that to be regarded as a ‘rateable occupation’, the tenant should be seen to be running a business from the premises to make a profit and if they are not, then they should be exempt from accessing empty property relief.

The case – Principled Offsite Logistics Ltd v Trafford Borough Council

One case, heard recently at the High Court, saw Trafford Borough Council arguing that use of a premises just to store goods on a short-term basis did not mean that any commercial benefit was being gained from its occupation. In this instance, the tenant openly described the arrangement as a ‘rates mitigation scheme’, one in which they would pay a peppercorn rent to the landlord in exchange for storing their goods at the premises, as well as receiving a percentage of the savings when empty property relief was leveraged.

In light of this, Trafford Borough Council obtained Magistrates’ Court summonses seeking rates liability orders against Principled Offsite Logistics Ltd. However, Principled pushed back, challenging the Council’s approach by requesting a judicial review.

The court’s review concluded that, despite the Council’s protestations, ‘rateable occupation’ does not legally have to be for commercial benefit and instead has to be merely of some benefit to the tenant. This outcome means that local authorities will no longer be able to successfully levy their most common complaint against this type of rates mitigation scheme, and businesses, commercial landlords, property agents and corporate occupiers can breathe a sigh of relief.

However, this doesn’t mean that the situation won’t still change in the future. Local authorities still consider these schemes to be a loop hole in the law and could well see this recent high court decision as reason enough to push for legislative changes. Either way, there are likely to be further challenges ahead.

The commercial dispute resolution team at Shakespeare Martineau has successfully defeated a number of challenges relating to rates mitigation, acting on behalf of landlords and corporate occupiers in both Magistrates Court and High Court.

To discuss any of these issues further, please contact Barry Jervis or Ben Humphreys of the dispute resolution team. For more information about how we can help you, get in touch today or visit our litigation and dispute resolution page.